Maintaining good dental health is crucial for the overall well-being of your cat or dog, writes Dr Rose Hasegawa, medical director Te Are Manu Vet Clinic.

Sometimes dental care in pets is overlooked, leading to common issues like bad breath, tooth decay, and gum disease.

Just like humans, pets benefit from having good oral health and hygiene. By understanding the importance of dental hygiene, recognising early signs of problems, and implementing preventative measures, owners can help ensure their pets live healthy, pain-free lives.

Dental problems in cats and dogs can go beyond just bad breath or yellowed teeth.

Plaque and tartar buildup can lead to gum disease (periodontal disease), which affects the tissues supporting the teeth. If left untreated, periodontal disease can cause tooth loss, infections, and pain. Even more concerning, bacteria from infected gums can enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to problems with the heart, kidneys, or liver.

Some of the most common dental issues that pet owners should watch for include:

1. Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums, often the first stage of periodontal disease. Symptoms include red or swollen gums, which may bleed during eating or chewing.
2. Periodontal disease: The advanced form of gum disease that can lead to loose teeth, abscesses, or bone loss.
3. Tooth fractures: Chewing on hard objects, such as bones or toys, can sometimes cause tooth fractures in both dogs and cats.
4. Tooth resorption (in cats): A painful condition where the tooth structure breaks down and is absorbed by the body, causing the tooth to weaken and eventually disappear.
5. Bad breath: Persistent bad breath can indicate infection, dental disease, or other underlying health issues.
6. Oral tumours: While rarer, oral tumours can develop in the mouths of pets, requiring veterinary attention.

As a pet owner, recognising the early signs of dental disease can help prevent more serious complications.

Common indicators include, bad breath, difficulty chewing or eating, drooling or pawing at the mouth, swollen or bleeding gums, loose or missing teeth, discoloured teeth or tartar buildup and decrease in appetite or weight loss. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to schedule a veterinary visit as soon as possible.

The good news is that many dental issues in cats and dogs are preventable with regular care.

Tooth brushing is one of the most effective ways to prevent plaque buildup. Use a pet-safe toothbrush and toothpaste (never use human toothpaste as it can be toxic to pets). Brushing just once a week can make a significant difference.

Specially designed dental chews and toys can help scrape away plaque as your pet gnaws. Feeding hard foods such as raw bones, veggies and coconut can help reduce tartar. Some pet foods are formulated to promote oral health, helping reduce tartar and plaque buildup.

Having health checks with the vet on a regular basis can be useful. Veterinarians can perform professional cleanings under anaesthesia and address any dental issues before they become serious.

Good dental care is essential for the overall health of cats and dogs. By being proactive with regular brushing, offering dental chews, and scheduling veterinary cleanings, pet owners can help prevent dental disease and ensure their pets enjoy healthier, happier lives.

Keeping an eye out for signs of dental problems and acting when issues arise will help maintain your pet’s oral health.